正版3D《剑侠情缘兵器谱》4月19日公测 玩法前瞻
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
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 Flag
 Emblem
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| Motto: Unidade, Ac??o, Progresso (Portuguese) "Unity, Action, Progress" | |
| Anthem: Pátria (Portuguese) "Fatherland" | |
.svg) Location of Timor-Leste (green) toward the eastern end of the Indonesian Archipelago | |
| Capital and largest city | Dili 8°33′S 125°34′E? / ?8.55°S 125.56°E |
| Official languages | |
| National languages | |
| Working languages | |
| Demonym(s) | |
| Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic[3] |
| José Ramos-Horta | |
| Xanana Gusm?o | |
| Legislature | National Parliament |
| Independence | |
| Early 18th century | |
| 28 November 1975 | |
| 17 July 1976 | |
? Administered by UNTAET | 25 October 1999 |
| 20 May 2002 | |
| Area | |
? Total | 14,950 km2 (5,770 sq mi) (154th) |
? Water (%) | Negligible |
| Population | |
? 2023 estimate | 1,354,662 (153rd) |
? 2022 census | 1,341,737[4] |
? Density | 89.7/km2 (232.3/sq mi) (137th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
? Total |  $5 billion[5] (173rd) |
? Per capita | $3,747[5] (157th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
? Total | $2 billion[5] (183rd) |
? Per capita | $1,497[5] (151st) |
| Gini (2014) | 28.7[6] low |
| HDI (2022) | 0.566[7] medium · 155th |
| Currency | United States dollarb Timor-Leste Centavo (USD) |
| Time zone | UTC+9 (Timor-Leste Time) |
| Driving side | left |
| Calling code | +670 |
| ISO 3166 code | TL |
| Internet TLD | .tlc |
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East Timor or the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste is a country in Southeast Asia. It is on the eastern side of the island of Timor. It also includes the smaller islands of Atauro and Jaco Island, and a small area, named Oecusse, inside the west side of Timor. Oecusse is an exclave, which means it is separated from the main part of the country by part of another country. That other country is Indonesia.
The capital and largest city, Dili, is home to one hundred and fifty thousand people. The next largest city is Baucau. (see List of settlements in East Timor).
East Timor gets its name from the Malay word for "east", timur.
It is a member of the United Nations, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, and the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.
History
[change | change source]For a long time, Portugal controlled the East Timor and called it the Colony of Portuguese Timor. In 1975, the Portuguese army left, and East Timor was invaded (taken over) by the Indonesian army in 1975. The invasion was very violent. The army stayed there until 1999, when they gave up control of the territory with the help of the United Nations.
At the time, the United States government said it did not know Indonesia was going to invade East Timor. But secret documents, released from 2002 to 2005, show that Henry Kissinger, the Secretary of State of the United States, did know, and supported the invasion.
When it got its independence on 20 May 2002, it became the first country to become independent in the twenty-first century (since the year 2001). In 2006, when Montenegro became independent, East Timor was no longer the newest one.
Since then, East Timor has not been given much attention in the news. Recently, the Colombian music artist Shakira made a song named "Timor", which talks about the country. The attention is because there has been fighting in East Timor between gangs (groups of criminals with guns), security forces (the country's army). Australia, a large nearby country, sent troops in to make peace.
East Timor is a small country located between Australia and Indonesia, 3,000 years ago, East Timor was a mountainous island composed of migrant indigenous people from New Guinea, Australia and Melanesia.
There were some migrants from Austronesia searching for a new life on this island. Some of the people arrived from South China and North Indochina looking for trade because East Timor had resources which could be exported, like sandalwood, honey, slaves and wax.
During the Second World War, the Japanese occupied the region, encountered strong resistance to their attempts to force the population to grow foods for their troops and export. At the time 30% of the population died.
On 25 April 1974, the Portuguese Armed Forces headed by General António de Spínola organized a Military Coup against Salazar’s regime called the Revolution of Carnations. After this revolution, Portugal decided to give freedom to the colonized countries.
Geography
[change | change source]East Timor is the largest of the Lesser Sunda Islands. To the north of the island are the Ombai Strait, Wetar Strait, and the greater Banda Sea. To the south the Timor Sea separates the island from Australia.
The country has many mountains. Its highest point is Tatamailau (also known as Mount Ramelau) at 2,963 metres (9,721 ft).[8] The climate is tropical and generally hot and humid.
The Nino Konis Santana National Park is on the eastern tip of the island. The park includes coral reefs, coastal area, and mountains.[9]
Municipalities
[change | change source]East Timor is divided into 13 municipalites. These were formerly named districts. The municipalities are divided into administrative posts (former subdistricts), and further subdivided into sucos.[10] The 13 municipalities are:
- Aileu
- Ainaro
- Baucau
- Bobonaro
- Cova Lima
- Dili
- Ermera
- Lautém
- Liqui?á
- Manatuto
- Manufahi
- Oecusse
- Viqueque
Gallery
[change | change source]-
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Mount Tatamailau -
Coral reef near Dili -
Man playing a karau dikur
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-APiazza.JPG)
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Hicks, David (15 September 2014). Rhetoric and the Decolonization and Recolonization of East Timor. Routledge. ISBN 9781317695356. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2020 – via Google Books.
- ↑ Adelman, Howard (28 June 2011). No Return, No Refuge: Rites and Rights in Minority Repatriation. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231526906. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2020 – via Google Books.
- ↑ Shoesmith, Dennis (2003). "Timor-Leste: Divided Leadership in a Semi-Presidential System". Asian Survey. 43 (2): 231–252. doi:10.1525/as.2003.43.2.231. ISSN 0004-4687. Archived from the original on 14 April 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2020.
The semi-presidential system in the new state of Timor-Leste has institutionalized a political struggle between the president, Xanana Gusm?o, and the prime minister, Mari Alkatiri. This has polarized political alliances and threatens the viability of the new state. This paper explains the ideological divisions and the history of rivalry between these two key political actors. The adoption of Marxism by Fretilin in 1977 led to Gusm?o's repudiation of the party in the 1980s and his decision to remove Falintil, the guerrilla movement, from Fretilin control. The power struggle between the two leaders is then examined in the transition to independence. This includes an account of the politicization of the defense and police forces and attempts by Minister of Internal Administration Rogério Lobato to use disaffected Falintil veterans as a counterforce to the Gusm?o loyalists in the army. The December 4, 2002, Dili riots are explained in the context of this political struggle.
- ↑ "Population by Age & Sex". Government of Timor-Leste. 25 October 2015. Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. October 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
- ↑ "Gini Index coefficient". CIA World Factbook. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
- ↑ "HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2023-24" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. pp. 274–277.
- ↑ "Mount Ramelau". Gunung Bagging. 10 April 2015. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
- ↑ "Timor-Leste's Nino Konis Santana National Park". Conservation.org. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
- ↑ Data from 2004 census and official 2008 estimates from the Direc??o Nacional de Estatística, Timor-Leste: District Priority Tables Archived 2025-08-06 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 28 January 2008
Other websites
[change | change source]
- Asia Times article on the Timor Gap dispute[permanent dead link]
- "East Timor". The World Factbook (2025 ed.). Central Intelligence Agency.
- ETAN Links – Extensive links on East Timor
- Governo Timor Leste Archived 2025-08-06 at the Wayback Machine – Official governmental site
- Bairo Pite Clinic website – Information on Health in East Timor
- Health Alliance International website Archived 2025-08-06 at the Wayback Machine – More information on health projects in East Timor by HAI
- Jornal Nacional – Semanário Archived 2025-08-06 at the Wayback Machine (in Portuguese)
- Links to Timor Leste government sites Archived 2025-08-06 at the Wayback Machine
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation Archived 2025-08-06 at the Wayback Machine
- Suara Timor Lorosae – local newspaper in Tetum and Indonesian
- Tourism Timor-Leste – Tourism Guide to travel to Timor-Lest
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